甯歌�佽�ょ煡姝�鏇�

1銆�璇诲績鏈�(Mind reading)锛�鍗充娇娌℃湁浠栦汉鍦ㄦ兂浠�涔堢殑鍏呭垎璇佹嵁锛屼綘涔熶互涓鸿嚜宸辩煡閬撲汉浠�鍦ㄦ兂浠�涔堛�備緥濡傦紝鈥滀粬璁や负鎴戞槸涓�涓�澶辫触鑰�"銆�

2銆�棰勬祴鏈�鏉�(Fortune telling)锛氫綘瀵规湭鏉ヨ繘琛岄�勬祴鈥斺�斾簨鎯呬細鍙樺緱鏇寸碂鎴栬�呭墠闈㈡湁鍗遍櫓銆備緥濡傦紝鈥滄垜浼氳�冧笉杩囪繖娆¤�冭瘯鈥欌�欙紝鎴栬�呪�滄垜涓嶄細寰楀埌杩欎唤宸ヤ綔鈥濄��

3锛�鐏鹃毦鍖�(Catastrophizing)锛氫綘鐩镐俊宸茬粡鍙戠敓鐨勬垨鑰呭嵆灏嗗彂鐢熺殑浜嬫儏鏄�濡傛�ょ殑绯熺硶鍜岄毦浠ュ繊鍙楋紝 浠ヨ嚦浜庝綘涓嶈兘澶熸壙鍙楀畠銆備緥濡傦細鈥滃�傛灉鎴戝け璐ワ紝閭ｅ皢澶�鍙�鎬曚簡"銆�

4锛�璐存爣绛�(Labeling)锛氫綘缁欒嚜宸辨垨浠栦汉浠ユ暣浣撶殑璐熸�ц瘎浠枫�備緥濡傦紝鈥滄垜鏄�涓嶅彈娆㈣繋鐨勨�濓紝鎴栬�呪�滀粬鏄�涓�鏋佽�ㄥ帉鐨勪汉鈥濄��

5锛�浣庝及姝ｆ�т俊鎭�(discounting positives)锛氫綘璁や负鑷�宸辨垨浠栦汉鎵�鍙栧緱鐨勬�ｆ�х殑鎴愮哗鏄�寰�涓嶈冻閬撶殑銆� 渚嬪�傦紝鈥滄槸濡诲瓙閮戒細閭ｄ箞鍘诲仛锛屾墍浠ュス瀵规垜濂藉苟涓嶇畻浠�涔�"锛屾垨鑰呪�滈偅浜涙垚鍔熸槸寰堝�规槗杈惧埌鐨勶紝鎵�浠ュ畠浠�骞朵笉鑳借�存槑浠�涔�"o

 6锛�閫夋嫨鎬ц礋鎬у叧娉�(negative filter)锛氫綘鍑犱箮鍙�鍏虫敞浜庤礋鎬т俊鎭�鑰屽緢灏戞敞鎰忓埌姝ｆ�т俊鎭�銆備緥濡傦紝鈥滅湅鐪嬫墍鏈夎繖浜涗笉鍠滄�㈡垜鐨勪汉"銆�

7锛�杩囧害姒傛嫭鍖�(overgeneralizing)锛氬湪鍙�鏈夊皯閲忎俊鎭�鐨勬儏鍐典笅灏卞�规暣浣撳仛鍑烘秷鏋侀�勬祴鈥斺�斾緥濡傦紝鈥滆繖鎬绘槸浼氬彂鐢熷湪鎴戣韩涓婏紝鎴戝湪寰堝�氫簨鎯呬笂閮藉け璐ヤ簡銆�"

8锛庝袱鏋佸寲鎬濈淮(Dichotomous thinking)锛氫綘浠ュ叏鎴栨棤鐨勬柟寮忔潵鐪嬪緟浜嬩欢鎴栦汉銆備緥濡傦紝鈥滄垜琚�鎵�鏈夌殑浜烘嫆缁濃�濓紝鎴栬�呪�滆繖瀹屽叏鏄�娴�璐规椂闂粹�濄��

9锛�鈥�搴旇�モ��(鈥�Should鈥�)锛�浣犳牴鎹�浜嬬墿搴旇�ユ�庝箞鏍疯�屼笉浠呬粎渚濇嵁浜嬬墿鏄�浠�涔堟潵璇勪环浜嬩欢銆備緥濡傦紝鈥滄垜搴旇�ュ仛寰楀ソ銆傚�傛灉鎴戝仛涓嶅ソ锛岄偅涔堟垜灏辨槸涓�涓�澶辫触鑰�"銆�

10锛庝釜浜哄寲(Personalizing)锛�浣犲皢娑堟瀬浜嬩欢鏇村�氬湴褰掑洜浜庤嚜宸辩殑杩囧け锛岃�屾病鏈夌湅鍒颁粬浜轰篃鏈夎矗浠烩�斺�斾緥濡傦紝鈥滅�诲�氭槸鐢变簬鎴戝け璐�"銆�

11锛�璐ｅ��(Blaming)锛�浣犺�や负鏄�鍏朵粬浜哄紩璧蜂簡浣犵殑璐熸�ф儏缁�锛屼粠鑰屾嫆缁濇壙鎷呮敼鍙樿嚜宸辩殑璐ｄ换銆備緥濡傦紝鈥滃ス搴旇�ヤ负鎴戠幇鍦ㄧ殑鎰熷彈鑰屽彈鍒拌按璐ｂ�濓紝鎴栬�呪�滄垜鐨勭埗姣嶉�犳垚浜嗘垜鎵�鏈夌殑闂�棰樷�濄��

12锛庝笉鍏�骞崇殑姣旇緝(Unfair comparisons)锛氫綘鏍规嵁涓嶅垏瀹為檯鐨勬爣鍑嗘潵瑙ｉ噴浜嬩欢锛屽苟涓昏�佸叧娉ㄩ偅浜涙瘮浣犲仛寰楀ソ鐨勪汉锛岀劧鍚庡湪姣旇緝涓�鍋氬嚭浣犳瘮杈冨樊鍔茬殑鍒ゆ柇銆備緥濡傦紝鈥滃ス姣旀垜鏇存垚鍔�"锛屾垨鑰呪�滆繖娆℃祴楠屽叾浠栦汉姣旀垜鍋氬緱瑕佸ソ鈥�o

 13锛�鍚庢倲鍊惧悜(Regret orientation)锛氫綘璁や负鍦ㄨ繃鍘讳綘搴旇�ヨ兘鍋氬緱鏇村ソ锛岃�屼笉鏄�鍏虫敞浣犵幇鍦ㄨ兘鍦ㄥ摢浜涙柟闈㈠仛寰楁洿濂藉崰渚嬪�傦紝鈥滃�傛灉鎴戝姫鍔涚殑璇濓紝鎴戝氨鑳芥嫢鏈変竴浠芥洿濂界殑宸ヤ綔鈥濓紝鎴栬�呪�滄垜鏈�涓嶅簲璇ラ偅鏍疯�粹�欌�欍��

14锛�濡傛灉鈥︹�︽�庝箞鍔�?(What if?)锛�浣犳寔缁�鍦伴棶涓�绯诲垪璇稿�傗�滃�傛灉鏌愪簨鍙戠敓浜嗚�ユ�庝箞鍔炩�濈殑闂�棰橈紝涓嶆弧鎰忎换浣曠瓟妗堛�備緥濡傦紝鈥滄槸锛屼絾鏄�濡傛灉鎴戠揣寮犱簡鎬庝箞鍔�(7鈥�鎴栬�呪�滃�傛灉鎴戜笉鑳藉睆浣忓懠鍚告�庝箞鍔�?鈥�

1 5锛�鎯呮劅鎺ㄧ悊(Emotional reasoning)锛�浣犺�╀綘鐨勬劅鍙楁敮閰嶄簡浣犲�圭幇瀹炵殑瑙ｉ噴銆備緥濡傦紝鈥滄垜蹇冩儏娌�涓э紱 鍥犳�わ紝鎴戠殑濠氬Щ涓嶄細鏈夊ソ缁撴灉鈥�銆�

 1 6锛�涓嶈兘椹虫枼(Inability t0 disconfirm)锛氫綘鎷掔粷浠讳綍鍙�鑳戒笌浣犵殑璐熸�ф兂娉曠浉鐭涚浘鐨勮瘉鎹�鎴栬�呰�傜偣銆備緥濡傦紝褰撲綘鏈夆�滄垜涓嶅彲鐖扁�欌�欒繖鏍蜂竴涓�璐熸�ф兂娉曠殑鏃跺�欙紝浣犳嫆缁濅换浣曚汉浠�鍠滄��浣犵殑璇佹嵁锛屼粠鑰屼綘鐨勬兂娉曚笉浼氳��椹冲�掋�傚彟澶栦竴涓�渚嬪瓙鏄�锛氣�滈偅涓嶆槸鐪熷疄鐨勮�傜偣銆傞偅鏈夋洿娣辩殑闂�棰橈紝杩樻湁涓�浜涘叾浠栫殑鍥犵礌o鈥�

1 7锛�鑱氱劍鍒ゆ柇(Judgment focus)锛氫綘浠ワ綖绉嶉粦鐧借瘎浠风殑鏂瑰紡(濂戒竴鍧忔垨鑰呬紭绛変竴鍔ｇ瓑)鏉ョ湅寰呰嚜宸憋技浠栦汉鍜屼簨鐗╋紝鑰屼笉鏄�绠�鍗曠殑鎻忚堪锛兼帴鍙楁垨鑰呯悊瑙ｃ�備綘鏍规嵁姝︽柇鐨勬爣鍑嗕笉鏂�鍦拌　閲忚嚜宸卞拰浠栦汉锛屽彂鐜拌嚜宸卞拰浠栦汉鐨勪笉瓒炽�備綘鍏虫敞瀵逛粬浜虹殑璇勪环锛屼篃鍏虫敞瀵硅嚜宸辩殑鍒ゆ柇銆備緥濡傦紝鈥滃湪澶у�﹂噷鎴戠殑琛ㄧ幇涓嶅�熷嚭鑹测�欌�欙紝鎴栬�呪�滃�傛灉鎴戞墦缃戠悆鐨勮瘽锛屾垜涓嶄細鎵撳緱寰堝ソ"锛屾垨鑰呪�滅湅濂规槸澶氫箞鎴愬姛鍟婏紝鎴戞槸涓嶆垚鍔熺殑鈥濄��